The Hurricane

The Hurricane (Viewing Task) How well does the composer manipulate the audience to believe that Rubin Carter was wrongly accused based on racial discrimination (1000-1500 words) There are many ways the composer of the 1999 movie ‘ The Hurricane’ manipulates the audience to believe that Rubin Carter was wrongly accused based on racial discrimination. The key ways in which the composer does this is through the structure of the movie and the use of techniques such as non-linear structure and foreshadowing.This movie is about an African American man who is faced with many complications over the course of his life including being ‘wrongly accused’ of killing three people which led to life imprisonment. The composer positions the viewer of the movie ‘The Hurricane’ to believe that Rubin Carter played by Denzil Washington was wrongly accused based on Racial discrimination. This is cleverly done with the real Rubin Carter playing a key role in providing all the voice overs and having a strong influence in how the movie is directed and ‘seen’.Characterisation also plays a key role in the way the composer manipulates the audience to believe that Rubin Carter was wrongly accused based on racial discrimination. This is achieved by showing only Rubin’s side of the story and depicting him as being treated completely unfairly and unjustly which is completely biased. The composer is also able to manipulate the audience through his characterisation of the prison staff and police officers in the movie.They are portrayed as being corrupt and this is shown through dialogue such as the scene when one of the victims of a shooting is on his death bed and is asked by the police officers to identify whether or not Rubin was the man who shot him. When the man replies â€Å"no†, the police officer sternly asks â€Å"Sir look closer, are you sure these aren't the men? † as if to intimidate the victim into identifying Rubin as the perpetrator.The police officer is then portrayed to be racist as he goes on to say ‘I’m going to take you black ass down’ which contributes greatly to the perception that the police officer is corrupt and that Rubin Carter was wrongly accused based on racial discrimination. The movie depicts the opposing legal team that are battling for Carter to be kept in jail as very racist. They constantly refer to Carter with a sense of disgust because he is an African American. The use of these techniques only add weight to the views of Rubin Carter which in turn makes the movie completely bias and anipulates the audience to believe that Rubin’s side is truthful and correct and that he was genuinely a victim of racial discrimination. Non-Linear structure also contributes to the way the composer effectively manipulates the audience to believe that Rubin Carter was wrongly accused based on racial discrimination. Non-linear structure is where effects such as flash backs are used which in turn means that not all events that take place in the movie are in chronological order which creates the sense that something is hidden Isabella Moro Monday, 3 December 2012 1:55:18 PM AET r not yet revealed to place the viewer in a position where they are able to ‘fill in the gaps’. The use of non-linear structure is present through the whole movie but the main focus is on one particular scene where Rubin is arrested shortly after gun shots were fired. More and more of these scenes are revealed over the course of the movie persuading the audience that Rubin is innocent because the flash backs (especially those in black and white) are portrayed as being completely factual and non-bias.However, what we have to remember is that the story is still being told from Rubin Carter’s point of view and therefore the accuracy of the flash backs are un-reliable. By using non-linear structure, the composer has been able to subtly and successfu lly persuade the audience that the story is factual and has therefore achieved to manipulate their views. Non-Linear structure is a key way that the composer successfully manipulates the audience to believe that Rubin Carter was wrongly accused based on racial discrimination.Another technique used over the course of ‘The Hurricane’ is foreshadowing, this technique is also a very effective technique used by the composer to manipulate the audience into believing that Rubin Carter was wrongly accused based on racial discrimination. Foreshadowing shows the build up of something significant such as a key event or a change in a character’s attitude or core beliefs. Foreshadowing is shown in particular over the course of the movie when Rubin Carter is in jail.There is a build up over time showing the different emotions Rubin went through, from being depressed and showing a lot of anger towards everyone, to a complete change of character when he met Lezra and his three o ther Canadian friends. Rubin is then put in a position where he has to choose between whether or not to trust these ‘white’ people to help him, or if he is just going to go back to his shorttempered, depressed self. This is a significant part of the movie as all other events shown so far lead up to this decision.After deep thought and a mental battle Ruben decides to choose to fight for his freedom as he knows he has been unlawfully imprisoned due to racism. The use of foreshadowing in this instance tries to portray Rubin Carter as a tortured victim of racial discrimination. The use of foreshadowing in this movie is a key technique the composer uses to successfully manipulate the audience to believe that Rubin ‘Hurricane’ Carter was wrongly accused of murdering three innocent people due to a decision solely based on his race.In conclusion, the movie ‘The Hurricane’ is not a reliable representation of the events that led to the imprisonment of R ubin ‘Hurricane’ Carter and is in fact a bias depiction of the real life events told from the point of view of Rubin Carter himself. The movie expresses his views on how he was unfairly accused of murder because of his race. Through the use of characterisation, non-linear structure and foreshadowing the composer is able to manipulate and effectively convince the audience that Rubin Carter was wrongly jailed based on racial discrimination. The Hurricane (Viewing Task) Isabella Moro Monday, 3 December 2012 1:55:18 PM AET The Hurricane The film The Hurricane directed by Norman Jewison claims to accurately depict the life of injustice suffered by middleweight champion Rubin ‘Hurricane’ Carter. The director uses casting, characterisation, lighting and music in order to convince the audience of Carter’s innocence. Jewison uses evidence, in some cases false, to manipulate the audience into believing that the Hurricane is and always has been an innocent man. This clever manipulation is clearly evident in his casting and characterization choices of Lezra to emotionally vest audiences into his journey alongside Rubin Carter’s.This technique is also used to create and perfect the other cast members to guide viewer’s thoughts and opinions as the director wishes. Furthermore, the lighting and music are blatantly manoeuvred to garner an emotional reaction from audiences, this is apparent in the poignant scenes of Carter as the victim of tragic injustice. Without Jewison’s clear bias fi lmmaking, the audiences would have been left with a different view of Carter. Casting and characterization in the film The Hurricane are utilized to persuade viewers of The Hurricane’s innocence.The casting of the characters Rubin Carter, Lezra Martin, Lisa Peters, Sam Chaiton, Terry Swinton and Lt. Jimmy Williams was necessary to create the image of goodness, as we associate attractive people with being good and kind hearted. Athletically appealing actors have been cast in all these roles in order for us to automatically assume them to be good. However, Det. Sgt. Della Pesca and the Prison Warden (the major villains) are cast as old, overweight, balding men to assure us of their wickedness.By casting Rubin Carter as an attractive man the director persuades us into believing in Carter’s innocence. Furthermore, the character of Lezra Martin is carefully created to work as an audience stand in for the film. This technique is used so Lezra works as our stand in to Carterà ¢â‚¬â„¢s life. Lezra, like the viewer is new to Carter’s life and his story, while he learns about Carter, so do the audience, as he grows to love and trust Carter, so do the audience. Like Lezra the viewers become attached and emotionally vested in The Hurricane, so the questioning of his innocence becomes ludicrous to the viewers.The film technique of manipulating the viewer’s perspective is also found in the use of lighting. The use of lighting in the film The Hurricane positions the viewer into trusting that Hurricane Carter is an innocent man. Jewison’s use of lighting to persuade the viewer is evident in an early scene depicting Carter and Della Pesca facing towards each other, the only light in the frame is on the operating table behind them, so the audience can only see the side on silhouettes of both Rubin Carter and Det. Sgt.Della Pesca but no detail in their faces. In this scene, we see the stark contrast of their profiles, The Hurricane’s soft features and Della Pesca’s pointed and upturned features. This technique which has been used since the times of ancient Greek theatre is used to depict the proganist , usually the hero, with soft flowing features and the antagonist, usually the villain, with sharp, pointed features. By doing this, Norman Jewison has automatically positioned the audience to see Rubin Carter as a good and innocent man.This sort of positioning is also particularly evident in Jewison’s use of music in the film. Norman Jewison emotionally influences the viewer into believing that Carter is innocent through his meticulous use of music in The Hurricane. The audience slowly finds themselves emotionally attached to the story through subtle but effective music. At various points in the film a grave, slow, low, jazz melody plays which always coincides with a scene where the viewers are positioned to believe injustice is shown.When Della Pesca interrogates a young Rubin Carter, when Rubin is brou ght into the hospital of the victim, during The Hurricane’s first trail as well as when Carter is put into solitary confinement by the ruthless prison warden. The audience is persuaded into associating this music with injustice, so with the use of this music at the right point, such as when The Hurricane is imprisoned the viewers automatically believe it is injustice, which causes us to feel emotionally effected by this and believe in his innocence.Norman Jewison positions viewers of the film The Hurricane to see Rubin Carter as an innocent man. This is done through casting the protagonist’s role to an aesthetically pleasing man, the casting of the antagonist’s role to an older, unattractive man, the characterisation of Lezra Martin, the precise lighting of scenes and the meticulous use of emotion triggering music. Without these manipulative film techniques, viewers would have been left with a different image of Rubin Carter and a greater doubt of his innocence.

Culture and packaging Essay

Packaging is considered to be an integral part of the product and is the first point of contact with the brand for a consumer product. So, most of the companies that do business internationally redesign their packages for each market. The principle reason is that expectations and utilizations of consumers vary across cultures. The world’s two leading industrial powers, U. S. and Japan have almost opposite approaches to packaging. Packaging is recognized as an expression of culture in Japan and designed to be appreciated, whereas in America cultural aspect is largely ignored and packaging is calculated to be accepted. Foods that only Japanese eat have beautiful, traditionally designed wrappings that resemble handmade paper or leaves and accommodate scan able bar codes. Such products look Japanese and are intended to do so. Products that are foreign, such as coffee, look foreign even to the point of having only Roman lettering on the can. We speak of global villages and international markets, but packages reveal some unexpected cultural boundaries. Few examples of such cultural implication of packaging are- Canadians prefer to drink milk out of flexible plastic pouches that fit into reusable plastic holders while Americans are believed to be so resistant to the idea that they have not been given the opportunity to do so, Japanese consumers prefer packages that contain two tennis balls and view the standard U. S. package of three as cheap and undesirable, Germans insist on highly detailed technical specifications on packages of videotapes, while Americans don’t, Swedes consider blue Colour of packaging as masculine whereas Dutch consider it to be feminine and so on. (Eric, J. A. et al. , 2004, p. 298) Culture & Packaging Colour Schmitt and Simpson (1997) states, Colour is one of the many marketing tools that global managers use to create, maintain, and modify brand images in customers’ minds while Schmitt and Pan (1994) discovers, Colour is also an important component of many corporate and brand-building cues, such as logos, packages, and displays. It is a commonality reflecting in the views of both the authors that- Colour is one of the major element which affects consumer perception regarding a brand. The research results show cross-cultural patterns of both similarity and dissimilarity in Colour preferences and Colour meaning associations. Colour used in packaging is equally important in determining a product’s desirability. â€Å"James Mandle, a Colour consultant, changed the Colour of Ty-D-Bol’s toilet bowl cleanser bottle from light and green to stark white letters on a dark background. He believed that the original Colours were â€Å"too wimpy† and that the new, bolder Colours would connote strength and cleanliness. In an 18 month period following the change of Colour, sales of Ty-D-Bol jumped 40% (Lane 1991). † (Thomas, J. M. et al. , 2000, p. 91) Packaging is not about Colour only there are various other factors involved in it. Factors like design shape of the package, text on the package and other factors of the packaging. But it is true that Colour is the most important attribute in terms of attracting the attention of the consumer. Packaging is not only made up of a single Colour but combination of Colours to create a brand image. So preferences in regard to combination of Colours also vary across cultures. Few examples of such combinations are of pairing Colours with green and red. The Colour best paired with green is yellow in Canada, Hong Kong, China, and Taiwan, blue in Columbia, and white in Austria. Only the Chinese and Taiwanese pair green with red as red is a potent Colour in China. In Brazil and the US people pair red with black, whereas in Canada, and China, the preferred combination with red is yellow. ( Mooij and Marieke K. de, 2004) Culture & Packaging Information Packaging not only protects and contains a product but also provide the consumer with loads of information about the product such as its composition, correct use etc. For instance, packaging of foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals provides information regarding the name of the product, manufacturer, country of origin, â€Å"best before† date and expiry date, ingredients and additives or composition of drug along with quantity and price. Since packaging is subject to country-specific legislation so ear of legal action has made many companies in the US and the UK includes all sorts of warnings on label instructions on consumer goods. On bar of Dial soap: â€Å"Directions: Use like regular soap. † On a Sears hairdryer: â€Å"Do not use while sleeping. † On packaging for a Rowenta iron: â€Å"Do not iron clothes on body. † On Nytol sleep aid: â€Å"Warning: May cause drowsiness. † On a child’s Superman costume: â€Å"Wearing of this garment does not enable you to fly. † On Sainsbury’s peanuts: â€Å"Warning: contains nuts. † On Marks & Spencer bread pudding: â€Å"Product will be hot after heating. † On Boot’s child’s cough medicine:† Do not drive a car or operate machinery after taking this medication. † ( Mooij and Marieke K. de, 2004, p. 265) In the present scenario various countries have included packaging waste into hazardous matter to contribute in pollution. This led the government to adopt some policies to restrict the use of non recyclable products as a packaging material where it is not required. These have also posed challenge among business organizations to try and find out recyclable materials and present themselves as a responsible corporate citizen among the stakeholders. This is also one aspect of culture which leads to this kind of environmental concern approach. Culture & Packaging Images/Pictures Imagery is an important element of packaging, as it enhances the accessibility of packaging information. As said by Bolen (1984), visual information in advertisements generally attracted more attention and was noticed before verbal advertising content. While Alesandrini (1982) declared, visual information may serve to attract consumer’s attention and set expectations for the contents of the verbal elements; the visual information thus serving as an â€Å"advance organizer† for the verbal elements of packaging. (Underwood et al. , 2001) Different culture recognizes various symbols differently with different meanings altogether. Picture that is very meaningful for people in one culture as it expresses important values of that culture can be completely meaningless to the people of the other culture. For instance, a box of pineapple cookies sold in Singapore has an image of a lion, as in Singapore lion is considered to be a symbol of royalty. Hence, if the similar box of cookies is launched in UK it won’t be given equivalent importance as in Singapore due to the differences lying in culture. Culture & Packaging Communication Customer or prospect judges the products on the basis of its name as well. Language used on the product package including its brand or product name creates impression among consumers. Consumer interprets the information selectively on the basis of his culture and his own personal factors. Different aspects of marketing communications like corporate identity, brand name, package design, and advertising styles impacts consumer in certain ways. Marketing communications styles are interrelated with personal communication styles. Chinese-speaking consumers tend to judge a brand name based on its visual appeal whereas English speakers judge brand name based on whether the name sounds appealing. In Asia, visual symbolism is a key aspect of a firm’s corporate identity. A comparative study of package design across seven countries found that packages differ both in three-dimensional design and in the way they communicate through graphical design and vary in the use of textual information; use of Colour, shape, and symbolism; and degree of structure and detail in the package design. All the above differences are highly influenced by culture. Even the product category is influenced by the packaging design, for example Deodorant is communicated differently from cigarettes, and that is reflected in its design of the packaging. ( Mooij and Marieke K. de, 2004, p. 213) Why it is important to understand culture & differences in cultures? It is always very important for a marketer to understand the culture of his target market place. Many good products have failed in the market only due to ignorance of socio- cultural aspects. There are underlying components that influence culture such as religion, family, customs, politics, weather, etc, which must be taken into account when marketing products on an international basis. Consequently, it is important for marketers to be aware of the 25% of cultural differences in the world market to promote their product properly. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand similarities and differences in culture which also affects the consumer purchasing behaviours across the cultures. (Weber, J. M. et al. , 2002, p. 396) Tastes and preferences of consumers vary in different part of world. In the European continent itself consumer preferences and taste varies so much that retailers Marks & Spencer had to made different advertising campaigns for each country. Initially Marks & Spencer has a single uniform advertising for the whole of Europe in 2001. Later it recognized its weakness and immediately changed the advertising campaign according to the taste and preference of different parts of European continent at the end of 2001. Toyota’s model ‘Camry† was a huge success in US which it tried to launch in UK market in 2000. It was a huge failure due to difference in the lifestyle and cultural set up of these two countries. Toyota re-launched it later with changes in the model according to the European culture and it was a huge success. Companies have to estimate the strength of their products along with the market they are trying to trap irrespective of their own brand name and value. One of the mistakes by the snacks giant Kellogg’s is Indian market was with its breakfast cereals. Within Indian culture people tend to eat heavy breakfast in the morning. In such market breakfast cereals as a healthier alternative to the heavy Indian breakfast was unattractive offer to the Indians. Later on company improved its communication strategies and compared it with traditional chapattis (Indian breads). Even in that case Kellogg’s could sell to a Westernized niche market only. So it is quite clear from the above examples that thorough understanding of the culture as well as its differences across cultures is very important to survive in today’s competitive environment. There are some other companies which have done very well in understanding various markets on socio-cultural dimensions like Disney, Pizza hut, dominos, Mc-Donald’s and others. Success pf these brands was result of their conscious effort to keep the significance of culture in their minds. These companies went local irrespective of their global operations for each and every market for them. One such example is Mc-Donald’s. The reasons behind success of Mc-Donald’s in foreign markets apart from a strong brand image and consistent service a standard around the world is, its advertising which is local and its product offer has a local touch. Examples are the Kiwi burger in New Zealand; the Maharaja Mac in India; the Prosperity burger in Malaysia; the Teriyaki burger in Japan; the McKorket in the Netherlands; McLaks, a grilled salmon burger, in Norway; and the Croque McDo in France that refers to the popular French â€Å"Croque Monseiur†, a hot ham and cheese sandwich. Advertising by McDonald’s in France tied into local habits and symbols. In 2001, for example, advertising for McDonald in France tied into â€Å"Asterix and Obelisk,† the most famous historical cartoon of the nation. Hence, localization makes it increasingly important for marketing and advertising people to understand the influence of culture. ( Mooij and Marieke K. de, 2004, p. 18) Importance of Colours can not be ignored in the case of international markets. Colours are associated with different cultural beliefs, moods and meanings. Understanding of these aspects of Colour, culture and society helps the organization to develop appropriate strategy. As said by (Kirmani 1997: Schmitt and Pan 1994), one marketing cue that global managers can use regardless of location is Colour. The effects of culture on the meaning associated with Colours are very critical for international marketing purposes. â€Å"Wagner, the creator of the Wagner Colour Research Institute, contends that Colours are associated with certain images (Lane 1991). For example, Blue is associated with wealth, trust, and security: Gray is associated with strength, exclusively, and success: and orange denotes cheapness. These associations may explain why banks are more likely to Colour their logos and collateral using Blue or Gray rather than orange ( Seitel 1993). It is cultural background due to which Colour has a strong effect on choice of a customer. It is important to understand which Colours are preferred by people in different cultures. It will help to create, maintain, or modify brand images in consumers’ minds. The associated with Colours and combination of Colours are important to understand for any marketer. â€Å"Colour combinations are considered culturally bound with certain ideologies and traditions (Geboy 1996). For example, black on red signifies happiness to Chinese people and is commonly used for wedding invitations while a combination of red over white represents celebration and signifies the life force to the Japanese ( Tektronix 1998). (Thomas, J. M. et al. , 2000) After Colour it is cultural beliefs which have impact on the consumer minds. It is important to understand the beliefs related to target product category within the target market place. For instance in India people feel that ancient herbal methods are good choices over the cosmetic options available today. This led various cosmetics company in India to launch their promotional programs comparing their product with traditional methods or showing the products equivalent to the traditional benefits. In these leading brands like Lux, Fair & Lovely and many others are present. Success of a fair and lovely brand due to the fact that Indians believe fairness is beautiful. Vicco turmeric cream is another example which positioned itself as a cream that would be useful for would-be brides to enhance their complexions, as applying turmeric for skin care is a part of the Indian tradition. These types of behaviour which are associated with a specific culture or belief can also be associated with different product categories such as, for instance, the bindi worn in most parts of India. It is important that the brand name selected for such a product category should have an ethnic-sounding name whereas a Western name is prone to be counter-productive. (S Ramesh Kumar, 2003) Another product category is food where the role of mother and grand mother is considered important. This is the reason all spices, traditional quick meals and cooking oil etc contain some or more of the mother’s recipe kind of concept. Not only that change in the societal socio-cultural structure can also be seen as some of the advertisement in India show modern man helping their women in their work as well like washing clothes or taking care of child. There is a strong need to understand and consider the culture which constitutes of the values, beliefs and habits of consumers which show a discrepancy across the nations. The other aspect of the changing cultural environment and upcoming trends are also important to understand.

Diversification Strategies Essay

Diversification is a form of corporate strategy to increase profitability of a company through greater sales volume obtained from new products and new markets. It occurs either at the business unit level or at the corporate level. It is a risk management technique that mixes a wide variety of investments within a portfolio. It attempts to smooth out unmethodical risk events in a group so that the positive performance of some investments will neutralize the negative performance of others. Companies may diversify for strategic objectives, expected outcomes, valuable comparison between strategy and expansion. Some companies diversify by conquering new positions through mergers and acquisitions whiles others diversify when there are not much growth opportunities for the market they are in. There are many reasons for pursuing a diversification strategy, but most pertain to management’s desire for the organization to grow. Companies must decide whether they want to diversify by going into related or unrelated businesses. They must then decide whether they want to expand by developing the new business or by buying an ongoing business. There are advantages to diversification, beyond simply expanding one’s product line. For example, a diversified company is potentially better insulated against a loss of revenue in one business tranche. Diversification strategies are used to expand firms’ operations by adding markets, products, services, or stages of production to the existing business. The purpose of diversification is to allow the company to enter new lines of business that are different from current operations. When the new venture is strategically related to the existing lines of business, it is called concentric diversification. On the other hand, when the new and the old businesses are unrelated it is classified as Conglomerate diversification which occurs when there is no common thread of strategic fit or relationship between the new and old lines of business, meaning the new and old businesses are unrelated. Compare and contrast the two businesses—core business, their size, financials, global presence, use of e-business (marketing, sales, etc. ). Johnson & Johnson Inc. – Successful  Johnson & Johnson is an American multinational pharmaceutical company founded in 1886, manufacturing sterile surgical supplies. Its core business is the manufacturing of medical devices and consumer packaged goods. Its common stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The company is listed among the Fortune 500. The corporation has grown to have more than 250 operating companies in 60 countries employing approximately 116,000 people, producing medicines and medical devices, as well as consumer products like sanitary goods, baby shampoo and dental floss. National Semiconductor Corporation – Unsuccessful National Semiconductor Company has an international reputation for semiconductors. The pioneering chip maker offers a variety of integrated circuits (ICs), especially analog and mixed-signal (blending analog and digital functions) chips. Its products focus on analog chips, which transform physical information – light, sound, pressure, even radio waves – into data that a computer can use. National Semi’s chips are used in wireless, networking, medical, solar, automotive, and industrial applications. It gets more than 75% of sales from customers outside the US, largely to contract manufacturers that serve its OEM customers. In the 1970s, the company tried to make electronic consumer products in addition to the semi-conductors that went inside them. Compare and contrast their outcomes (one successful, one unsuccessful) Johnson & Johnson Johnson & Johnson is a diversified healthcare company that develops, manufactures and markets products in three primary lines of business: Pharmaceuticals (41% of sales), Medical Devices and Diagnostics (35%) and Consumer Products. Since the 1900s, the company has pursued steady diversification. It added consumer products in the 1920s and created a separate division for surgical products in 1941 which became Ethicon Inc. It expanded into pharmaceuticals with the purchase of McNeil Laboratories Inc. , Cilag, and Janssen Pharmaceuticals, and into women’s sanitary products and toiletries in the 1970s and 1980s. In recent years, Johnson & Johnson has expanded into such diverse areas as biopharmaceuticals, orthopedic devices, and Internet publishing. Recently, Johnson & Johnson has purchased Pfizer’s Consumer Healthcare department. The transition from Pfizer to Johnson and Johnson was completed December 18, 2006. National Semiconductor Corporation The company wasn’t suited for retail manufacturing, and was crushed by companies that were. By the time digital watches became popular in America; National had been driven from the marketplace, suffering losses that overshadowed its success in semiconductors. Analyze the three primary reasons for the different outcomes. First, Johnson & Johnson diversified into items that are strategically related to the company’s existing lines of business. Johnson & Johnson is a diversified healthcare company that develops, manufactures and markets products in three primary lines of business: pharmaceuticals, medical devices and diagnostics and Consumer Products. On the other hand, National Semiconductor Corporation entered into the production of unrelated products which is not common thread of strategic fit or relationship between the new and old lines of business, meaning the new and old businesses are unrelated. Second, Johnson & Johnson diversified through mergers and acquisitions of new companies. For instance, it expanded into pharmaceuticals with the purchase of McNeil Laboratories Inc. , Cilag, and Janssen Pharmaceuticals, and into women’s sanitary products and toiletries in the 1970s and 1980s. In recent years, Johnson & Johnson has expanded into such diverse areas as biopharmaceuticals, orthopedic devices, and Internet publishing. Recently, Johnson & Johnson has purchased Pfizer’s Consumer Healthcare department. The transition from Pfizer to Johnson and Johnson was completed December 18, 2006. On the other hand, National Semiconductor Corporation entered into diversification to make electronic consumer products in addition to the semi-conductors that went inside them. They did not embark on growth strategy through acquisition and mergers. They had stiff opposition and were crushed by companies suited for retail manufacturing. Lastly, Johnson & Johnson diversification strategy is well matched to the strengths of its top management team members which are factored into the success of that strategy. On the other hand, National Semiconductor Company top executives did not manage diversification effectively. Recommend two actions the unsuccessful one could have made to make their diversification venture successful First is that National Semiconductor should ensure a diversification strategy which is well matched to the strengths of its top management team members and factored into the success of that strategy. Different diversification strategies require different skills on the part of a company’s top managers, and that factors should be taken into consideration before firms are joined. For instance, the success of a merger may not depend only on how integrated the joining firms become, but also on how well suited top executives are to manage that effort. Secondly National Semiconductor should diversify into related products where they can control the market. To conclude, I must say that if diversification strategy is done strategically to relate to the company’s existing line of business or diversified through mergers and acquisitions of new companies with the support of its top management team members, then its objective of growth and risk taking can be achieved.

State corportate crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

State corportate crime - Essay Example Dailmer-Benz came into existence in the year 1926. It was mainly because of the Nazi Party’s help the company was successful to make a rapid growth in the world market. Warfare was the main thing which helped the company in its business. In any case, the company took a safe side of an opportunist organization during the World War II. This is why it was successful in remaining untouched even in the time of Allied Force’s recurrent bombing. As far as we can know from the company’s history, labor exploitation had reached to its zenith during this time and the most unfortunate Jews were the preys to that situation. On the other hand, some American corporations were too clever to stand by both the Americans as well as the Nazis. This was done for the fulsome benefit which they had prospected in the warfare. We get two of the major American automobile companies’ name in this context; they are: General Motors and Ford. Expansion was an ever going process for these companies from the early 1930’s. But, with the beginning of World War II, they realized the golden chance to make the best use of the troublesome market. Many of us will be shocked to know about their deeds in that period. Ford and General Motors were directly involved in helping the Nazis in the warfare. Both the companies supplied 90% of the vehicles, especially trucks, used by the Nazi Army. There were two types of trucks which were built by these corporations. They were the â€Å"mule† trucks and â€Å"heavy-duty† trucks. Nazi German Eagle was an award which was given by the Nazis for any help or patroniz ing from somebody or some organization. It will almost unnerve us to know that the very first person to get this award was the Chief Executive of Ford, although being an American company. The nation America was fighting against the Nazis to save the lives of Jews and

Ideological analysis of two different magazines Essay

Ideological analysis of two different magazines - Essay Example The magazine was founded in 1977. Acquired by Werner Media in 1986, it currently has a circulation of 1.7 million, and a web site that has approximately 2 million unique hits a month. Upon first glance of U.S. Weekly, the reader is bombarded with images of fashion, stereotypical beauty, and often current scandals in the entertainment world. Glamorous ideals promoting the everyday lives of the wealthy, and advertisements centered on makeup, lingerie, acne medication, and ads for television shows that are marketed to woman as well, make up the majority of the sponsors. On the cover of issue 629 March 5, 2007, there were three main pictures on the front cover. One was of Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie walking their newly born and adopted children in dual strollers through the streets; below this was a picture of a very glamorous and happy looking newly coupled Kate Moss and Owen Wilson, both with bright blond hair, shiny white teeth and blues eyes. Next to these two small photos, was a hu ge leading photograph of Britney Spears with a partly shaved head and a lead title statement saying, Help Me. This cover page gives perfect insight into the magazines ideology, in that it shows what ideals the editors promote as well as what goes against their values. By U.S. Weekly degrading Britney Spears for shaving her head, as apposed to putting it in a positive light, or doing any genuine investigative/informative journalism on her motives, the magazine takes a definite stance. Using Spear’s image in this way is a combination of exploitative scandal, and the magazines way of taking a finite stance against her fashion decision, but it takes it even further. The fact that she cuts her hair is not treated as just a fashion mistake, but as a sign that she needs psychological analyses. Her personal and family life is put in question and she is virtually crucified by the magazine for simply cutting her hair. Of course, the hair she cut was the key

Symbolic interactionism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Symbolic interactionism - Essay Example Based on the relationship between the individual and the society, symbolic interactionism brings the issue of coordinated management of meaning. Individuals in a communication process tend to construct social realities of the world they create to shape them. The definition and management of meaning to reflect reality is a two-way process that is enhanced by effective communication. The things that individuals say matter because they are a reflection of their thoughts and implications of reality. Symbolic interactionism succeeds in the social perspective when people cease to violate the interpersonal expectations of other people and work towards conformity. Even when the definition of social interactionism was being made, the modern ways and theories of communication were still in place. Only those philosophers had not identified them, or none had talked about them openly. For instance, the theory of social penetration applies all the time in the communication process, whether or not the communicators are aware of the existence of the theory. At the same time, in order to socialize and interact in a healthy manner, symbolic interactionism only reflects the reality it claims to symbolize when there is a reduction of uncertainty in the socialization process and pathway. It is through the reduction of uncertainty that people can socialize and share experiences that are foundations for the formation of friendship. In any social perspective, there must be contradictions and understandings between people based on their symbolic understanding of reality, as coined by the philosopher and his students. Although people believe that they have the right to control and make their information confidential, social interactions require sharing of information and ideas as one of the primary ways of the development of friendship. The continuous aspect of communication and

Social Welfare Policy in the US Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Social Welfare Policy in the US - Assignment Example There was also an indication of the growth of private employment in a period of 54 months after the enactment of the Recovery Act by Obama and the Congress in February 2008. The second part looked into the effect of the recession on the economy, and it was notable that the GDP was far below what the economy was potentially able to produce. Job losses were never known before. With the recession ending in June 2009, the unemployment rate in August was still at 6.1% confirming high rates of unemployment. The distribution of jobs in the population fell to levels that had not been witnessed since the 1980s. The recession also caused a long-term unemployment rate rise to levels never witnessed in six decades with levels of 1.9% in August 2009. The labor market was considerably affected by the unemployment rate reaching 12.0 percent in August 2014. Job seekers exceeded job opportunities at times with seven people seeking employment for a single job opening. The last part considers evaluating the extent of damage of the recession if the financial stabilization and the fiscal policies adopted were not used. It has been recorded that the GDP would have decreased with the absence of the recovery act and at the same time, the rate of unemployment would have increased considerably an estimation of 0.1 to 0.4% higher in 2010 if the recovery plan was not adopted. The Strength of this policy is that it offers the employed with financial protection thereby making sure that they are not financially exploited. The policy helps maintain financial levels that can effectively better the lives of citizens through better incomes. The policy sets a minimum amount wage for other state governments and thereby universally protecting the citizens from poor pays. The Weaknesses of this policy is that employees may be compelled to raise their prices to customers in order to cover the high wages  making the policy less effective.  

Outbreak of Aspergillus fumigatus Infection Case Study

Outbreak of Aspergillus fumigatus Infection - Case Study Example The first fatality was that of an 85-year-old female who had been admitted was admitted to the hospital in January 1995 for complications associated with chronic renal failure due to nephrosclerosis. Once the infection was discovered in her lungs, the patient's condition declined rapidly despite antibiotic regimen. A postmortem exam revealed Aspergillus hyphae in both sides of the lungs. The next fatality was that of a 49-year-old female suffering with Wegener granulomatosis who was admitted in February 1995 for cough and fever. Once the infection was discovered in her lungs, the patient's condition declined rapidly even though immunosuppressive treatments were reduced and antituberculotic therapy instituted. A postmortem exam revealed the Aspergillus infection had spread through the lungs to the heart and into the brain. The near-fatality was that of a 65-year-old male admitted in February 1995 with chronic renal failure due to renal vascular disease for severe malnutrition. The infection was never discovered in the patient's septum but his condition improved with liposomal amphotericin therapy. The patient achieved nearly complete regression in 10 weeks. The study shows certain strengths. The investigators admit the findings are inconclusive especially since they did not test air. They warn that hospital construction or renovation work near immunodepressed patients should alert physicians to the possible presence of A. fumigatus. Likewise, the

Sales and Financial Forecast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sales and Financial Forecast - Essay Example ocate resources where they are most needed in an order of priority, and this would allow one to control the business cash flow instead of the cash flow controlling them. The strategy would be to use sales promotion campaigns and advertising through posters at least 5 hours per day to create awareness of the product in the upper market areas of New York. Below is a sales and expense forecast that would be expected to be incurred in selling a new cosmetic brand from a small enterprise to the upper market New York. It is expected that these products are sourced directly from the warehouse already packaged in bundles. Sales promotion $ 300 (marketing and selling are different concepts and some products might be offered free to customers who meet certain criteria as a sales promotion strategy, including posters for advertising) The four Ps in marketing mix will affect the sales. With the 3 well trained employees in sales and noting that the upper New York residents and visitors have a high purchasing power, and that the sales will increase with time as customers have the awareness of the new cosmetic

Write a 125 words for each question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Write a 125 words for each question - Essay Example On the other hand, Romania remained largely unaffected. It wasn’t until the leader of the Communist Party returned from a state visit to Iran that the people came out in protest. Mikhail Gorbachev realised that the Communist states were struggling financially and needed more openness with the West. President Ronald Reagan supported military groups who opposed communism in their own countries. His ideas became known as Reagan Doctrine. 2. The Christian right first started in response to the 1964 Civil Rights Act, which outlawed discrimination against women and blacks. Another reason was the liberal culture of the 1960s, and was motivated by fear of social breakdown. The Christian right had an increasing role in American politics and vocally supported particular candidates (usually Republican) by producing voter guides and distributing them to conservative Christian churches. The Christian right gained exposure between the 1960s and 1980s through increased Christian television p rogramming. Jimmy Swaggart was one of the most famous televangelists of the 80s; by 1983 he had more than 250 television stations broadcasting his program. Other televangelists, such as Jim Bakker, were criticized for preaching prosperity doctrine and acquiring considerable wealth.

Gay and Lesbian Youths Essay Example for Free

Gay and Lesbian Youths Essay Past evidence indicates that lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) youths have continued to face excessive discrimination in schools. Present literature indicates that LGBT youths also face increased risks for various health issues that include suicide attempts, drug abuse, homelessness, harassment and poor performance at school. In spite of increased clear visibility regarding the discrimination of gay and lesbian people, LGBT youths in schools have continued to encounter excessive social, institutional as well as legal discrimination. In deed LGBT youths have been known to be the most vulnerable subgroup in the bigger LGBT group. Due to the high level of homophobia in the American society, youths who are struggling with the sexual orientation identification are faced with tremendous challenges and they lack support from basic supporting systems that are available to those who are heterosexual. Given that it is estimated by Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network (2004) that the population of gays and lesbians is between 3% and 10%, it can be deduced that a small number of youths in schools are LGBT or are still not sure of their sexual orientation. This research paper papers aims at reviewing gay and lesbian youths in schools. Munoz-Plaza, et al (2002) quoting Robinson (1994) explains that the prevalent social stigmatization of gays and lesbians is blamed for the numerous social and health issues that have disproportionately affected LGBT youths. Munoz-Plaza, et al (2002) further explains that that a lot of researchers have specifically centered on the absence of social support structures for gay and lesbian youths in schools. Yet, classrooms have been identified as being the most homophobic place compared to other social institutions. Heath status of gay and lesbian youths in schools Munoz-Plaza, et al (2002) states that studies have repeatedly indicated that gay and lesbian youths are specifically at increased risk of committing suicide, being verbal and physical abused, abusing drugs, contracting sexually transmitted infections, becoming homelessness and resorting to prostitution. At the same time their performance at school is bound to drop. Citing a study carried out by U. S Department of Health and Human Services, Munoz-Plaza, et al (2002) states that the study established that suicide was the leading cause of deaths of gays and lesbian youth in schools. More so that study found that gay and lesbian youth were 3-6 times more possibly to try suicide compared to heterosexual youths, in deed gays and lesbian youth accounts for over 30% of all youth suicide cases. Taylor (2000) agrees with the finding of this study by affirming that past offers proof that LGBT youths are likely to commit suicide. However, he clarifies that studies on this subject have linked increased risk of suicide to stress arising from the sexual orientation aspect. Taylor (2000) explains that general studies on this subject indicates that individuals who have less social support and poor relationship with their families, partners and peers are most likely to attempt suicide than those whose relationships are strong and intact. Apart from suicide, it was also established that LGBT youths are also at risk of experiencing other social as well as health problems. In a study that focused on more than 130 gay and bisexual male youths, it was found that 76% of them used alcohol while 25% abused cocaine (Routherum-Borus, et al, 1994). In comparing these findings with heterosexual male youths, Routherum-Borus, et al (1994) established that only 49% of heterosexual youths used alcohol while only 2% abuse cocaine. At the same time studies have also found that rates as high as 42% of runaway youths are LGBT, this implies that there is a great connection between runaway behavior LGBT, in away that those youths who are gay or lesbian are likely to runaway from their homes. At the same time this runaway youths are likely to turn to prostitution. Indeed in a study carried out by Taylor (2000) where he reviewed studies on male prostitution among youths, he established that many studies have established that out of three male prostitutes, two were gay or bisexual. More so, youths who are identified as gay or lesbian are particularly susceptible to being harassed both physically and verbally. In reviewing a study done on violence perpetuated on LGBT youths in schools both junior and high schools, Munoz-Plaza, et al (2002) explains that 35%-50% of youths in these schools did report that they had been harassed, threatened or had experienced some kind of violence. In another study done by Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network (2004) 2,000 LGBT youths were interviewed across the country, the study established that nearly 50% of males as well as 20% of females reported being harassed either verbally or physically in school (both junior and high schools). LGBT youths lack social support Studies on key life changes for example, the loss of a partner or a loved one, indicate that social support as well as social networks can assist an individual to cope with the stressors of life. In deed several writers have reviewed past literature that link social support and social networks in relation to morbidity as well as mortality (Munoz-Plaza, et al, 2002) Social support is comprises of four varying behaviors; these are emotional support that is given in as love, trust caring and listening; Two, appraisal support that is given as a positive feedback; Three, instrumental support, given as tangible resource such as financial aid, time and labor; And four, information support, given as advice and ideas Munoz-Plaza, et al (2002). Consequently, it has been established by there is lack of social, support for LBGT youths at home, within the community and also at school. This results in social isolation experienced by many LGBT youths at school and back at home. It’s against this background that a lot of literature associates social isolation in LGBT youths with increased risk of many of these LGBT youths. In a study that was done by Munoz-Plaza, et al (2002) to determine social support of LGBT youths in schools, participants reported that family members were less supportive than non-family members. According to the study, both heterosexual and LBGT friends and peers provided emotional support to LGBT youths, however, the emotional support offered by heterosexual friends and peers was limited. Those friends and peers who were also LGBT apart from offering emotional support they as well offered valuable informative and appraisal assistance. However, it was also established that many LGBT youths in schools do not disclose their sexual orientation to their parents when they are still schooling thus they reported that their parents offered very minimal assistance of any form concerning their sexuality. Another major problem that LGBT youths in schools suffer is identity and it interplays with sexual orientation and social support. As Taylor (2000) points out the basic role of high schools is assisting teenagers in forming a sense of individuality through the adoption of social customs. Teachers, coachers, counselors as well as administers in school strive for youths in schools to maintain heterosexual model of sexuality as the normative way; such a standpoint is in direct conflict with sexuality orientation of LGBT youths. In addition LGBT youths in schools have pointed out that it’s a hard struggle for them to identify the sexuality both internally and externally. This is because of the overwhelming negative responses that homosexuality attracts both at home and schools. The difficult in expressing their sexuality makes the LGBT youths to feel alienated from the society. As one gay student reported by Munoz-Plaza, et al (2002) said, growing up, made him feel that he was different from others in some way. He further explained that he knew what he was feeling about his fellow guys or the opposite sex was usually different what his friends felt. Munoz-Plaza, et al (2002) explains that such difference is normally related to reported inability of â€Å"fitting in† together with their peers and thus being alienated. Bullying of LGBT youths in schools In addition to challenges that LGBT face because of their sexuality, gay and lesbian teenagers in schools are forced to deals with daily bullying in schools in form of harassment, violence and threats that they receive day by day. LGBT youths are called anti-gay slurs for example â€Å"homo†, â€Å"sissy† or â€Å"forgot†. In a study carried out by Savin-Williams (1994) it was established that a gay or lesbian student may hear these words 25 times each day. Even more disturbing, a study on LGBT in schools, established that 30% of gay youths in schools in only one year were injured in one way or another merely because of their sexuality (Savin-Williams, 1994). How LGBT youths are mentally affected Ryan and Futterman (1997) states that, gay and lesbian youths are particularly at high risk since, their anguish directly results from hatred as well as prejudice surrounding them. But, don’t suffer because of their sexuality orientation. The distress that LGBT youths suffer is likely to make them attempt suicide, in deed as it has been stated before LGBT are twice likely to attempt suicide compared to heterosexual youths. How LGBT youths are academically affected LGBT youths in American schools are usually subjected to extreme bullying that they end up not performing well in school and they drop out earlier thus not getting enough education (Ryan and Futterman, 1997). LGBT students in schools are more likely to skip some classes or because of fear, intimidation, and property destruction directed at them (Savin-Williams, 1994). In supporting this observation Savin-Williams (1994) affirms that a study by Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network (2004) established that 20% of LGBT students had skipped classes in period of one month due to fearing for their safety. It has been established that the rate of LGBT students dropping out of schools is over three times the national standard for the heterosexual students. In school, when LGBT students are bullied they many of them feel that they do not have a place or anyone to turn to. Ryan and Futterman (1997) explains that according to a number of surveys done previous, 80% of LGBT students reported that they did not know any helpful adult at their schools. Family aspects and religion Gays and lesbian youths who grow up in families that have strict religious background are prone to experience discord between their spirituality and their sexuality. At times their quilt feeling overwhelms them. Sadly, in American schools, the religious rights prevent the school systems from tackling the same issue of LGBT. Thus, as Taylor, (2000) asserts homophobia is widespread in schools, and teachers who could have assisted keep quite for fear of being sacked. Harm reduction The high cases of suicide, stress disorder and drug abuse among LGBT youths in schools is a clear indication of internalized homophobia which, results from a LGBT youth growing up with minority sexuality in heterosexist society. The effects of internalizing the rejection that this group faces are loss of self assurance that most likely leads to high-risk behaviors like drug abuse (van Wormer and McKinney, 2003). Strategies of addressing LBGT in schools Due to the risks that gay as well as lesbian youth are bound to suffer, gay and lesbian problems ought to be tackled in middle schools. In order to assist teachers in this attempt the following suggestions are offered. Teachers are knowledgeable and dedicated to young youths Teachers have to learn more and understand well issues of homophobia, gay and lesbian history. This information can be found in books, journals, and the internet. Through this understanding they will able to be objective and assist those LGBT students without prejudice (van Wormer and McKinney, 2003). Curriculum changes Whenever it is appropriate, teachers could incorporate information regarding gays and lesbians individuals who have made major contributions to the society, Such as, Socrates, Virginia Woolf, Leonardo da Vinci and others (van Wormer and McKinney (2003). Through, discussing the contribution that such great gay and lesbian people made, it will assist the LGBT students to feel more optimistic and less isolated about their future. Fostering a caring and sensitive climate In addition, van Wormer and McKinney (2003) asserts that, teachers are not just supposed to assume that each student is a heterosexual, on the contra they need to use a language that is all inclusive that is sensitive to gay and lesbian individuals; For example, using words like date instead of boy/girl friend and spouse instead of wife or husband. In addition, owing to the extensiveness of homophobia within American schools, teachers and other staff should be sensitive to gay and lesbian students’ requirements. Creating Safe and respectful environment As Howard Taylor (2000) explains, schools ought to provide a safe as well as a respectful learning atmosphere for every student. When bullying and other forms of harassment are permitted to occur, it impacts everybody. It is understood that many schools violence and shootings such as the Columbine school shooting are contributed by bullying. Teachers, school administrators as well as other students who ignore bullying of LGBT students in their schools contribute to the problems endured by the LGBT students. On contra, those LGBT students who are given support and understanding of their sexuality report that they feel a sense of belong to the school they are in. Conclusion Gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender youths usually start experiencing their sexuality identification during their adolescent years just like the heterosexual youths. These are normal developmental processes and though they could affect the student’s development as well as achievements, they are not a symptom of mental disorder, sickness, or emotional problems. However, many LGBT students in schools experience a number of obstacles and problems that include being harassed both physically and mentally, being isolated, being denied social support all because of sexual orientation. Schools counselors warn that these issues result in LGBT being at high risk of, stress, poor performance at school, kipped class, dropping out of school entirely, or even attempting suicide. Thus, schools are encouraged to create an enabling and safe atmosphere for LGBT students in schools to prevent such incidents. References Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network (2004): The 2003 National School Climate Survey: The School Related Experiences of Our Nations Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Youth: New York; GLSEN. Munoz-Plaza, C; Quinn, S and, Round, K (2002): Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender Students: perceived social support in the high school environment. High school journal 85. 4 p 52-12 Robinson, K (1994): Addressing the needs of gay and lesbian students: the school counselor’ role; The school counselor, 41; p, 326-330 Routherum-Borus, M, et al (1994): Sexuality and Substance use acts of gay and Bisexual male adolescents in New York city; Journal of Sex Research; V. 31; 47-56 Ryan, C Futterman, D (1997): Lesbian and Gay Youth; Care and Counseling; Adolescent Medicine State-of-the-Art Reviews, 8(2).

Drew Sterling to replace Josh Newly In upcoming concerts Essay Example for Free

Drew Sterling to replace Josh Newly In upcoming concerts Essay The City Symphony will be showcasing the upcoming talents of Drew Sterling in the next two concerts. Mr. Sterling replaces the internationally renowned singer, Josh Newly. While Mr. Newly’s talents have been greatly appreciated in past concerts, the City Symphony has decided to utilize this opportunity to allow Drew Sterling to shine in both concerts as the baritone soloist. Mr. Newly has graced many orchestras around-the-world with his genuine gift as a soloist. Consequently, his talents are both known and respected internationally. Thus, it is understandable that Josh Newly is a very popular artist who is able to sell out concerts. Sadly, Mr. Newly will not be able to perform at this year’s concerts due to prior engagements. The City Symphony wishes that the media respects its desires to not discuss this topic. If Mr. Newly desires to address the media concerning this matter, then he will do so in his own time. On another note, we are happy to announce Mr. Drew Sterling as the baritone soloist. We feel that Mr. Sterling has earned the opportunity to shine in the spotlight. The City Symphony further believes that Mr. Sterling is a fresh and upcoming talent that will have fans on the edge of their seats. In addition, Mr. Sterling is a professional who has given the City Symphony the privilege of showcasing his talent in the next two concerts. Thus, Mr. Sterling will be available for questions and answers (QA) on Friday morning. We are hoping that you can feature this Press Release in your afternoon column as it requires the most urgent attention.

The Electromagnetic Testing: The Eddy Current Testing

The Electromagnetic Testing: The Eddy Current Testing In modern NDT methods electromagnetic testing plays an important role. Electromagnetism is a part of ndt process. It is a process based on inducing magnetic field. The process of inducing an electric current and magnetic field or both inside a test material. Then observe the magnetic flux induced in the material. This method is based on the electromagnetism. Electromagnetism is the property of a material to get magnetic effect while an electric field applied. The main factor of this test is that the material should be a conductor. These methods give more benefits and advantages than other tests. The major tests coming under the electromagnetic testing are, Eddy current testing Flux leakage testing Alternating current field testing Remote field testing Among these techniques my topics are Eddy current testing Flux leakage testing EDDY CURRENT TESTING Eddy current testing is relatively applicable in small materials. It gives good measurements on ferromagnetic materials. The basic principles of eddy current testing are electromagnetism and permeability. More details about eddy current testing is shown in the coming pages. FLUX LEAKAGE TESTING Flux leakage is another electromagnetic tesing.It is widely used. Electromagnetism is the basic principle of flux leakage testing. This method is most commonly used in pipe lines and storage tanks. After inducing magnetic field we are able to analyzing the defects through instruments. Other electromagnetic techniques are, ALTERNATING CURRENT FIELD MEASUREMENT ACFM methods are used to detect surface breaking cracks. This method can be applied to both magnetic and nonmagnetic materials.ACFM method is based on the electromagnetism and these entirely different from eddy current method.ACFM method gives us more benefit than other methods. It does not need the removal of paintings and coating.ACFM technique is more advanced testing than dye pentrant testing and magnetic particle testing. The main advantages of ACFM tastings are Able to work on coatings No need to cleaning more Does not require equipment shut down High speed inspection REMOTE FIELD SENSING METHOD RFT is the commonly used electromagnetic method in ndt. Remote field testing method also joined with eddy current testing is named as remote field eddy current testing. But in practically there are many difference shows between eddy current testing and remote field testing.RFT technique is mainly used to find out the thickness of the ferromagnetic material tube walls. Here RFT shows more sensitivity than eddy current testing. The main principle of RFT is the electromagnetism. In RFT, the probe contains transmitter zone and receiver zone. The remote field shows more coupling to the exciter coil and receiver coil. The main advantages of RFT are, High sensitivity Give accurate measurements from sheets and plates. Ability to inform internal defects Detect defects from the ferromagnetic tubes EDDY CURRENT TESTING Eddy current testing is used in a variety of industries to find defects and also measurements. Major use of eddy current testing is for defect detection when the nature of the defect is well understood. Naturally the method is used to test relatively small area and the probe design and test parameters must be established with a good understanding of the flaw that is to be detected. Eddy current testing only used to detect surface and near surface defects. In thin materials such as plates and sheets, eddy currents can be used to measure the thickness of the material. This shows eddy current is useful for detecting corrosion damage and other damage that causes a thinning of the material. The method is used to make corrosion thinning measurements on aircraft skins and in the walls of tubing used in assemblies such as heat exchangers. Eddy current method is also used to find the thickness of paints and other coatings. Eddy currents are varied with respect to the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of materials. So eddy current testing can be used to arrange materials and also find which heat treatment applied to the material. It is the main advantage and use of eddy current testing method. In Eddy current testing different probes or transducers are used. Compare to other testing methods eddy current testing shows many advantages and applications. Transducers used in eddy current testing is depend upon the properties and size of the material. PRINCIPLES In eddy current testing the major principles are, Electromagnetism Permeability ELECTROMAGNETISM The main principle of eddy current testing is the à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“electromagnetismà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢. This states that à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“when an electron is passing through a conductor, a magnetic field induced on the conductor perpendicular to the axis. The same effect happens in a copper wire while alternating current passing through it. When the alternating current expands then the magnetic field also expands. The magnetic field obtained through electro magnetism is similar to the bar magnet. PERMEABILITY Permeability is also relating to the electromagnetism. It is also called as magnetic permeability. Permeability is ability to permeable. It is a constant of proportionality exists magnetic induction and magnetic field intensity. Permeability of some materials has been change according to the temperature changes and magnetic induction. PRINCIPLE OF EDDY CURRENT TESTING IMAGE-1 NB: COURTESY TO MARKTEC FROM MARKTCC.CO PRACTICAL METHOD Eddy current testing is used in different sectors for fin out the thickness and used to check the material losses in different materials. The cause of material loss is corrosion. It mainly used in thin sheets, plates and also in aircraft components. On the impedance plane, thickness variations exhibit on the eddy current signal response as a subsurface defect. Except that the signal represents a void of different size and depth. Due to this the phase rotation should be same and the amplitude should be greater. In the device the lift-off curves for different areas of taper wedge can be produced by nulling the probe in the air and touching it to the various surfaces at various locations of thee tapered wedge. A comma shaped curve is formed while a line is drawn between the end points of the lift-off curves. In the second stage the comma shaped curve path is traced on the screen when the probe is scanned down the length of the tapered wedge. So that the entire range of thickness values are measured. The important thing is that the depth of penetration of the eddy currents must cover the range of thickness being measured. Then a frequency is selected that produces standard depth of penetration at maximum thickness. Lower frequency is needed for getting high penetration. Due to the probe impedance is more sensitive to changes in electrical conductivity. So electrical conductivity cannot be phased out and is important to verify the conductivity of below the region of low level. If testing need more penetration single coil probe, reflection type probe and transformer probes are used based on configuration. Small diameter probe coils has the efficiencies to give very high sensitivity. EDDY CURRENT TESTING ON A BORE IMAGE-2 NB: COURTESY TO: BAM.DE TFROM BAM.DE EDDY CURRENT INSTRUMENTS In industries various eddy current instruments are used. Analog and digital display instruments are mainly used. Classification of eddy current instruments is based on the display used for presenting the data. The main display types are, Analog meter Digital readout Impedance plane Time vs. signal amplitude PROBES USED In eddy current testing a variety of probes or transducers are used. The probe classification is based on the configuration and mode of operation. The main probes are, Absolute probe Differential probes Reflection probes Hybrid probes Surface probes Bolt hole probes Bobbin probes Encircling coils WORKING OF A PROBE IMAGE-3 NB:COURTESY TO DAVISLABUS TO DAVISLABUS.COM CODES AND STANDARDS USED IN ECT BRITISH STANDARD BS 3683(PART 5) =Eddy current flaw detection glossary. BS 3889 (PART20) =Automatic eddy current testing of wrought steel tubes. BS 3889(PART213) =Eddy current testing of nonferrous tubes. BS 5411(PART3) =Eddy current method for measuring coating thickness of conductive coatings on nonmagnetic base materials. AMERICAN STANDARD ASTME 243=Eddy current testing of seamless copper and copper alloy tubes. ASTME 309=Eddy current examination of steel tubular products using magnetic saturation. ASTME 1033=Eddy current examination of type F continuously. The main advantages and disadvantages are, ADVANTAGES Ability to detect small cracks Find surface and near surface cracks High sensitivity Equipment is portable High accuracy Able to inspect on irregular shapes Economically adjustable DISADVANTAGES The material should be a conductor The Skilled and trained person needed Depth of penetration has some APPLICATIONS USES Eddy current testing is applicable in different sectors. The main applications are, Crack detection Material thickness measurement Coating thickness measurement Conductivity measurement Material identification Hest damage detection 2. ELECTROMAGNETIC FLUX LEAKAGE TESTING Magnetic flux leakage is an important method in NDT process. Magnetic flux leakage method can be used to detect the circumferential cracks on the stainless steel and metal losses in ferromagnetic materials. It is widely used in tubes and heat exchangers for find out the discontinuities. The major principle of magnetic flux leakage testing is the electromagnetism. During MFL inspection a magnetic field induced on the material. This property of material is termed as electromagnetism. MFL tools consist of two or more bodies while inspecting tubes and complicated material models. The main body is named as magnetizer with magnets and others are batteries and electronics.MFL tool is able to find sensor readings based on either the distance of tool travelled or on increment time. In flux leakage examination of tubular parts three types of defects can be detected. They are longitudinally oriented, transversely oriented, silvers. Magnetic flux leakage testing has some limitations in sizing the capacity of defects. In compare with eddy current testing magnetic flux leakage testing shows more sensitivity and advantages. In magnetic flux leakage testing method of tubular products both outside and inside diameter defects can be detected but generally they cannot be distinguished. WORKING PRINCIPLE The main principles of electromagnetic flux leakage are, ELECTROMAGNETISM The main principle of MFL is that electro magnetism. This states that when electron is passing through a material a magnetic flux induced on the conductor. The magnetic field should be perpendicular to the axis. An electromagnet is an object, which acts like a magnet and its magnetic effect created and controlled by electricity. HALL EFFECT Some Hall Effect sensors are used in electromagnetic flux leakage testing. Hall Effect is the production of a voltage difference across an electrical conductor, transverse to an electric current in the conductor and a magnetic field perpendicular to the current. PERMEABILITY Permeability is also related to the electromagnetic field. It is the ability to become permeable. Permeability changes occur in some material with temperature changes and magnetic induction. PRACTICAL METHOD Magnetic flux leakage testing was used earlier because eddy current cannot detect subsurface defects in ferromagnetic test material. In such a situation a common technique using encircling coils but them sometimes inconvenient while using in internal coils. Flux leakage testing is used at steel mills and fuel mills for getting correct measurements without errors. When ferromagnetic material that is free from defects is magnetized, then an unbroken flux field flows through the object material. The magnetic flux flows through between its poles. Next the flux density decreases towards the outer material surfaces and a detector of flux leakage testing would pick up a very weak signal from the surfaces. However, if the surface is interrupted by a discontinuity, poles are formed at opposite sides of the resulting gap. Then the flux lines flow externally from the north to South Pole. The flux leakage lines are detected by a transducer or probe passing over the discontinuity and signal is displayed. Disturbance of the materials original flux lines also extends under the discontinuity and if the material wall is thin itself, a discontinuity on wall surface may be detected from the opposite wall. After getting the signals from the detector we have to find out the length, thickness and measurement about the defect through monitoring.MFL gives us to the ability to detect the surface and subsurface defects. FLAW DETECTION USING FLUX LEAKAGE IMAGE-4 NB: COURTESY TO FARREL.CO FROM FARREL.CO.ID CODES AND STANDARDS USED IN MFL BRITISH STANDARD BS 6072 =Magnetic particle flaw detection. BS 4489 =Automatic black light measurement. BS 5044 (PART) =Forged and stamped crank shafts. AMERICAN STANDARD ASTME 709=Magnetic particle inspection practice. ASTME 1251=Indications in ferrous castings. ASTME 570=Flux leakage examination of ferromagnetic steel tubular products ADVANTAGES OF MFL 1. Able to detect surface and subsurface defects 2. It is a simple method 3. High sensitivity 4. Easy measurement 5. No need to remove the coatings DISADVANTAGES OF MFL 1. Surface contamination not detectable. 2. Works only with ferromagnetic materials. 3. Difficult to measure deep depts. 4. Skilled and trained person needed. APPLICATIONS OF MFL 1. Bars transverse and tilted effects. 2. Tubes longitudinal defects. 3. Pressure vessels 4. Heat exchangers 5. Power plants CONCLUSION EDDY CURRENT TESTING In this project contains an explanation of eddy current testing. The main concept is the understanding of basic theories and working methods of eddy current testing. The second thing is to describe the advantages and disadvantages and also describe the applications. This method is used in different industry sectors for getting accurate measurements and to find out the discontinuities for increasing the safety and production. So eddy current testing is a method which gives good sensitivity and accurate measurements. ELECTROMAGNETIC MFLUX MLEAKAGE the performance of MFL testings.MFL testing can be carried out only in ferromagnetic materials. It can be applicable in coated and non coated ferromagnetic materials.MFL is used in the inspection of tube and piping to find unwelded areas of longitudinal joints. It also a most useful method in plate materials, storage tanks and also to find other forms of degradation In this project also describes the magnetic flux leakage testing in NDT.This study is used to understand. REFERENCE 1. GOOGLE 2. NDT.NET 3. WWW.MARKTEC.CO.JP 4. WWW.BAM.DE 5. DAVISLABS.COM 5. FARREL.CO.ID

Taxes and the Deficit: We MUST Return to the Fundamentals of our Consti

The United States of America is not leading into the direction our country was meant to lead. Our Forefathers that came before us and settled in the United Sates, fled here to be free from tyranny. They were escaping from Great Britain’s strict control and harsh taxation. After settling in America the Constitution was drafted to â€Å"form a perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity (Preamble to the United States Constitution).† After reading the preamble, I reread, and wondered how can the US be in the situation were in, if that is what our country ‘was’ built on? What direction is our country headed in, how is taxation hurting or benefiting us, and what can we do to better ours and our children’s future? The direction that our country is taking is far from the direction that Thomas Jefferson, Ben jamin Franklin, or James Madison had originally anticipated for America. The current US budget deficit is close to $1.5 trillion. If Americans were required to pay for government spending this year, we’d have to work an extra thirty-eight days to earn enough money to pay all our taxes. Approximately forty seven percent of Americans will not be eligible for any income tax return, but because of EITC (Earned Income Tax Credit) and other credits implemented by Obama and Bush a majority will receive a tax credit. I am a supporter of tax credits, but I also think that there should be a ‘cap’ to limit your tax credit. Doing this could provide a credit for everyone, but having a limit can help to utilize money in many different areas. Money that we don’t have is being printed, spent, a... ...e money you invest, you’ll never see, because of government spending. After a ‘clean-house’ within the government and Americans morale improves. I believe that taxes are ‘generally’ good, except when taxing is used to fulfill greed. If more people invested in their future more soon, spent money wiser, saved money, and supported their communities their lead would influence others to do the same. Works Cited: Independence Hall Association. Constitution of the United Sates. Retrieved April 25, 2010, from http://www.ushistory.org/documents/constitution.htm. Cassidy, John. (April 7, 2010). Rational Irrationality. Retrieved April 11th, 2010, from http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/johncassidy/2010/04/who-pays-federal-income-tax.html The Tax Foundation. (2010). America Celebrates Tax Freedom Day. Retrieved from, http://www.taxfoundation.org/taxfreedomday/ Taxes and the Deficit: We MUST Return to the Fundamentals of our Consti The United States of America is not leading into the direction our country was meant to lead. Our Forefathers that came before us and settled in the United Sates, fled here to be free from tyranny. They were escaping from Great Britain’s strict control and harsh taxation. After settling in America the Constitution was drafted to â€Å"form a perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity (Preamble to the United States Constitution).† After reading the preamble, I reread, and wondered how can the US be in the situation were in, if that is what our country ‘was’ built on? What direction is our country headed in, how is taxation hurting or benefiting us, and what can we do to better ours and our children’s future? The direction that our country is taking is far from the direction that Thomas Jefferson, Ben jamin Franklin, or James Madison had originally anticipated for America. The current US budget deficit is close to $1.5 trillion. If Americans were required to pay for government spending this year, we’d have to work an extra thirty-eight days to earn enough money to pay all our taxes. Approximately forty seven percent of Americans will not be eligible for any income tax return, but because of EITC (Earned Income Tax Credit) and other credits implemented by Obama and Bush a majority will receive a tax credit. I am a supporter of tax credits, but I also think that there should be a ‘cap’ to limit your tax credit. Doing this could provide a credit for everyone, but having a limit can help to utilize money in many different areas. Money that we don’t have is being printed, spent, a... ...e money you invest, you’ll never see, because of government spending. After a ‘clean-house’ within the government and Americans morale improves. I believe that taxes are ‘generally’ good, except when taxing is used to fulfill greed. If more people invested in their future more soon, spent money wiser, saved money, and supported their communities their lead would influence others to do the same. Works Cited: Independence Hall Association. Constitution of the United Sates. Retrieved April 25, 2010, from http://www.ushistory.org/documents/constitution.htm. Cassidy, John. (April 7, 2010). Rational Irrationality. Retrieved April 11th, 2010, from http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/johncassidy/2010/04/who-pays-federal-income-tax.html The Tax Foundation. (2010). America Celebrates Tax Freedom Day. Retrieved from, http://www.taxfoundation.org/taxfreedomday/

jobs Essay -- essays research papers

Here's your big chance to make some extra cash right out of your home. You won't believe how much money you can make doing this. You can easily make up to a $1000 weekly working only 2-3 hours a day. We will supply you with all materials to start making $4.00 for every letter you process and mail out! The best part of all this is there is no limit! You can ship us back as many letters as you want. Positions are being filled very quickly and the longer you wait, the more likely you will not get accepted in this once in a lifetime opportunity! Keep reading to learn more and register today! You will NEVER have to sell any of our products in ordered to get paid. Your pay will be based on the number of letters you mail us. You will not have to make any cold calls or solicit door to door trying to make sales. You will get paid $4.00 for every envelope regardless if a customer buys our products. Mailing letters from home can make you more money than you could ever dream of. You will no longer have to wake up and take that long drive to work and suffer all those long hours. From now on, you can just wake up and say, "I'm my own boss!" You can work the hours you want and do what you want. There will be no boss looking over your shoulder ever again. This program will allow you to choose your own hours and work at your own pace. There are no obligations. You can easily make up to two times as much money than your regular paying job. As a home mailer, all you need to do i... jobs Essay -- essays research papers Here's your big chance to make some extra cash right out of your home. You won't believe how much money you can make doing this. You can easily make up to a $1000 weekly working only 2-3 hours a day. We will supply you with all materials to start making $4.00 for every letter you process and mail out! The best part of all this is there is no limit! You can ship us back as many letters as you want. Positions are being filled very quickly and the longer you wait, the more likely you will not get accepted in this once in a lifetime opportunity! Keep reading to learn more and register today! You will NEVER have to sell any of our products in ordered to get paid. Your pay will be based on the number of letters you mail us. You will not have to make any cold calls or solicit door to door trying to make sales. You will get paid $4.00 for every envelope regardless if a customer buys our products. Mailing letters from home can make you more money than you could ever dream of. You will no longer have to wake up and take that long drive to work and suffer all those long hours. From now on, you can just wake up and say, "I'm my own boss!" You can work the hours you want and do what you want. There will be no boss looking over your shoulder ever again. This program will allow you to choose your own hours and work at your own pace. There are no obligations. You can easily make up to two times as much money than your regular paying job. As a home mailer, all you need to do i...

Organization :: essays papers

Organization Initializing a classroom is the hardest part in teaching. It is a new beginning with the students, parents, and teachers. There is no possible way to start off a classroom by jumping into a lesson plan and expecting the students to learn. Students must be familiar with their surroundings and their classmates in order to establish a comfort level. "An educator must be well-organized and planned. The students must be able to trust the teacher and their peers that the classroom will be a safe place. It is very difficult to establish the right atmosphere with a group of students if it is not there from the first day of school" (Matthews A19). The first six week time period is usually set aside for establishing a climate with the students. There is a method known as, â€Å"morning meeting.† This is a daily scheduled routine. Every morning in the beginning of class the students are taught to sit in a circle and talk. They are first told to shake hands with the children nex t to them and become friendly with one another. Next they go around the circle giving everyone a brief introduction of themselves. For the most part, students are asked their name, age, and their hobbies. This activity not only gets the children acquainted with each other, but it also produces certain learning skills which need to be present. This teaches social skills, eye contact, self confidence, comfort, etc. The children become focused in others and interested in making friends. Without â€Å"ice breaker† events, students often have a hard time interacting with their peers. â€Å"A survey was conducted that asked children ‘How much do you like to play with this person in school?’ The lowest three females and males were then focused on for improvement of their social skills. Would you want this to be your child?† (Ladd 172). Student social skills play a large role in initializing an effective classroom setting. Now, since the students are acquainted with one another and their attention is captured, a beneficial prelude to begin teaching is established. Initializing A Classroom Teachers have a harder role than what is presumed. â€Å"†¦As ever, the discussion is couched in terms of contrasting the relative strengths and limitations of a whole class and group

Mobile Crushing Plant Arrived at Philippines Quarry Essay

Last week, a good news came from Philippines that the customer who had ordered DSMAC mobile crushing plant for his quarry is satisfied with the final sand crushed by the crusher. Early since September 2012, the Philippines customer consulted on DSMAC official website about the crushing equipment. Aiming to the existing problem of serious wear and the quarry’s position of suburb, the enterprise engineer recommended the mobile crushing plant. At the end of 2012, the30tph mobile crushing plant was exported to Philippines successfully. The whole crushing plant includes: Hopper+ PE400*600 jaw crusher + PYT900 cone crusher + 2YK1245 circular vibrating screen + belt conveyor Besides, the equipped Commins diesel generator, hydraulic pressure unit and frequency conversion control cabinet, and so on are also sent to the customer. On 13th December, DSMAC two engineers are sent to Philippines customer site. On 22th, the mobile crushing plant began to operate successfully, and the crushed sand has good shape and high cleanness, which makes the customer satisficed. Mobile crushing plant is often mainly used forsand making line and construction waste crushing line. This crushing station has the features of convenient and stong mobility, saving lots of infrastructure and removal cost and the materials’ transportation cost, because this crushing station can work in complicated terrain and move with raw materials’ mining fields. DSMAC mobile crusher integrates primary crushing and secondary crushing closely, and realize the less occupation, convenient installation and automation. Therefore, the mobile crushing plant is always liked by owners of quarry and construction waste processing plant at home and abroad. Besides, there are also variety of stationary crushers, production lines, feeders and screens, ore crushers, crusher spare parts, and so on. The customers who are in need of crushing equipment can visite the website http://www.sandmakingplants.com/ About DSMAC Founded in 1997, DSMAC Group is a China leading crusher and sand making machine manufacturer with a complete line of crushing, grinding and screening equipment. We boast an extensive product range, and our impressive 128,000 square meter factory space is fully equipped with CNC machines, spectrometers, welding machines imported from Germany, and more, to efficiently meet your requirements. Contact Information DSMAC GroupJanet ZhangPhone: +86-371-6789-7680 E-mail: janet@dscrusher.com

Jane Eyre compares to The Eyre Affiar

The maln protagonist from both Jane Eyre and The Eyre Affair both deal with the struggles of achieving honest love with their respective love interest due to the unusual circumstances of the relationships. For Jane, her and Rochester's relationship is not normal in any sense of the word. For Thursday, the issues she has with Landen are much more realistic, but they sting just the same. Both Jane and Thursday have their fair share of Issues with their men, but some of them are not that far off from each other. Quite a few of their relationship problems are the same, however varying In some degree.The want to no longer love but know deep Inside you always will, the surprise wife that springs up out of nowhere, and a purposeful distancing because of differences in ideal. Both Jane and Thursday understand what it feels like to love even though you wish you didnt. For Jane, she has felt this way about Rochester a few times throughout the book. One of them is when Rochester leaves Thornfie ld for a few days on business. This where Jane starts to become confused about how she really felt about Rochester, what exactly does she want to happen between the two of them? l had not intended to love him; the reader knows I ad wrought hard to extirpate from my soul the germs of love there detected; and now, at the first renewed view of him, they spontaneously revived, great and strong! He made me love him without looking at me† (Bronte 128). This shows that the feeling are definitely there and, apparently, stronger than ever. This is an example of how Jane's feelings snuck up on her and that they are not what she Intended to happen at all. No matter how much she desires to not feel this way, It Is out of her control.Even though she may think that she is able to repress her feelings, they can never truly isappear, they may only be momentarily hidden. For Thursday, her feeling for Landen are there from when the book begins. She has her personal reasons for wishing that she no longer loved him. Whenever his name comes up, mostly by her family, she does her best to completely ignore it and quickly move past it. She hopes that the distance will take away her feelings but It only makes her heart grow fonder. During her first meeung with Landen, when she Is finally able to bring herself to look at him, her emotions hit her. The warmth and sensitivity I had once known so well as still there. I looked up at him, caught his gaze and looked away quickly. I had felt my eyes moisten. I was embarrassed by my feelings and scratched my nose nervously† (Fforde 114). Without warning, they come back and she does he best to try and hide them. She doesnt want to show how she feels in hope that she will start to believe the Ile that she Is telling herself. It Is obvious that she does not want Landen to know that she still loves him, she wants to keep up the act that she is angry with him.She is fighting a losing battle on the inside that shows on the outside, evide nt by er eyes starting to tear up. Both Jane and Thursday know too well the feeling of love and wishing it away with little success. One thing that makes these two situations different is that Jane is allowed to feel however she wants, she Just thinks it would be better to hide It. Thursday on the other hand Is not allowing herself to feel the love tnat Dotn ner ana Landen Know sne nas. sne nas Dullt up tnls wall towards nlm, wanting to keep him out but still close enough.A rather surprising similarity between these two novels is that the concept of the surprise wife appearing in both. In Jane's case, Jane finds out on the day of her planned wedding to Rochester that he is actually a taken man. He is technically married to a woman by the name of Bertha who he keeps locked away in the attic because she is not fit to wander the manor. She mentally sick and unstable, prone to violent outburst, especially to Rochester. When Rochester reveals Bertha, he compares her to Jane. â€Å"Compa re these clear eyes with the red balls yonder- this face with that mask- this form with that bulk† (Bronte 213).Rochester is basically calling Bertha a beast, trying to Justify his wrong actions. He is trying to reason his actions to Jane by saying Bertha should not even be considered a person worth making such a fuss over. His argument however is not the best, despite his true feelings for Jane, she can not look past it. For Thursday, the situation is a little more practical but actually hurts instead of shocks. During Thursdays second meet up with Landen, Right after they argue about the Crimea and her brother, Landen tries to end the fghting. Can we ever get over this Thursday? I need to know as a matter of urgency' (Fforde 188). This one line, seemingly somewhat unimportant, sets the hole scene for Daisy Mutlar, Landen's fianc ©. This information is revealed later on when Thursday calls Landen, only to end up talking to Daisy. Right off the bat, Daisy seems like a nasty women whose only goal is to get married, and it doesn't really matter to who as made clear in her remark to Thursday: mfou listen. If you try anything at all to interfere with my happiness I'll wring your stupid little neck! † (Fforde 214).Later on, Landen tries to Justify what he did by explaining to Thursday that he tried with her, but she made it clear to him that she couldn't let go of the past. It was time for him to move on with his life. For Jane and Thursday, this idea of the â€Å"other woman† really hurts and send both of them on an emotional rollercoaster. The unexpectedness of the situation creates the shock value that simply adds fuel to the fire. However, a key difference to notice is that Rochester is completely in the wrong while Landen technically had every right to do what he did, whether he should have done it is a different question.He had no actual commitment to Thursday, she is the one who broke thing off and she is the one who constantly pushes hi m away. Everyone has that point where they are done and accept reality. To him, finally ending thinks for Thursday was the right thing to do because that's what he thought she wanted. Both Jane and Thursday come to a critical point in their relationships where they are faced with the choice to stay or walk away. Their desire to stay is overcome by the flood of hurt feelings along with the instinctive intuition that leaving is best.For Thursday, this conflict happens before the book actually starts. It is later revealed to the reader that Landen Parke- Laine is an ex-boyfriend that Thursday was very much in love with. Both of them fought in the Crimea, where Landen lost one of his legs and also Thursday. Thursdays brother, Anton, also fought but sadly didn't make it, along with practically all of the Light Armored Brigade. This tragedy of war was devastating and because there were few survivors; the story of what actually happened is unclear.Landen, nowever, 010 survive, ana accor01n g to nlm, tne reason tnat all tnose llves were lost that day was because of a mistake made by Anton. Because Landen was the only one able to make the report, his word became the truth. This is where the ten year long eparation started. Thursdays anger toward Landen is so powerful hat even after all this time, she still refused to look at him when she finally saw him again. â€Å"We played like this for perhaps ten minutes, but I couldn't bring myself to look at him.I knew that if I did I would smile and I didn't want to do that. I wanted him to known I was still pissed off' (Fforde 114). Thursdays active attempts to show her anger shows Just how deeply what he did hurt her. It is clear that she still loves him but can't simply won't allow herself to. Thursday is pushing Landen away but is also holding on to the ope that he will stay. For Jane's situation, her and Rochester's critical moment is after Jane finds out about Bertha, a mentally ill women whom Rochester was tricked into m arrying and is still considered his wife.This is the last straw for Jane as she had previously put up with Rochester's harmless deceitful ways, but this time, it was too significant to overlook. Jane's anger stewed up inside her until she couldn't hold it any longer, and she and Rochester get into a heated argument the night Jane decides to leave. The argument reaches its climax when Jane pronounces, â€Å"Mr. Rochester, I will not be yours† (Bronte 227). It is here where Jane takes her final stand and factually states her view of the situation.A statement as clear and direct as this plainly conveys Jane's emotions, leaving no room for any other interpretation other than the one that it means, that she is done. She does not leave Rochester with any sense of hope that she still has the intention of being with him. The argument comes to a close and later that night, Jane leaves, without any notice. Both Jane and Thursday make this rash decisions but with every right to do so. T hey are extremely urt by what has happened to them and they can no longer bare to be around these men, so they remove themselves from the situation.It was an not an easy thing for either of them to do; leaving the one you love is not a happy experience, in any sense, but both of them knew it was what needed to be done. Love is only one of the things that these two women have to deal with throughout their stories, but it may be the most important. In both cases, the book ends with the evident marriage of the unusual couple, forgetting all the problems they had along the way. In the personal lives of these characters, love is what matters to them.No matter what they are experiencing on the outside, the subject still stays somewhere in their head, it never fully leaves. That is why happy endings tend to wrap up with the wedding that could be seen practically from the start. Jane and Thursday, though they both had great struggles with love, some of them not too different from each other , both managed to get what they wanted in the end, even though they spent so much time wishing they didn't want it. They were able to but all of the deceit in their relationships behind them and focus on the truth, that they are in love.